Variable

Create a variable in python

var_name = value
num = 10
name = "F-Code"

To show a value or the contents of a variable in the console, use the print function:

print(num)
print(name)

When naming a variable in Python, keep these rules in mind:

• Must start with a letter or the underscore character

• Cannot start with a number

• Can only contain alpha-numeric characters and underscores (A-z, 0-9, and _ )

• Case sensitive

• Cannot be any of the Python keywords

Tip

Naming convention - PEP8

• Function names should be lowercase, with words separated by underscores as necessary to improve readability.

• Variable names follow the same convention as function names.

Operation

Python provides a range of built-in operators that let you perform calculations and comparisons directly with your data. These operators work with numbers, variables, and expressions to build more complex logic. In this section, we’ll explore two main groups of operators:

• Arithmetic operators - used for performing mathematical operations like addition and division.

• Comparison operators - used to compare values and return True or False.

Understanding how these operators behave is essential to writing effective and accurate Python code.

Arithmetic

Operator	Name
+	Addition
-	Subtraction
*	Multiplication
/	Division
**	Power
%	Remainder

Comparison

Operator	Name
==	Equal
!=	Not equal
>	Greater than
<	Less than
>=	Greater than or equal to
<=	Less than or equal to

Note

Python is both

• Strongly typed: No implicit conversions e.g. str to int

• Dynamically typed: variables don’t have fixed types, but values do; Types are implied in the run-time

Not like C, this could give you a faster prototyping, especially during brainstorming, because you don’t really need to declare the type of a variable e.g. you could simply write num = 10 without saying it’s an integer.

This flexibility speeds up writing code early on, but it comes with trade-offs: as your codebase grows much larger and involves collaboration, lack of explicit type can make it harder to read, debug, and maintain. Being clear about the types can make teamwork and long-term development much easier. This could be achieved by:

• Type hint w/ IDE support

• Informative comments & documentation

Data types

Python has a variety of built-in data types, grouped into the following categories:

Category	Types
Text Type	str
Numeric Types	int, float, complex
Sequence Types	list, tuple, range
Mapping Type	dict
Set Types	set, frozenset
Boolean Type	bool
Binary Types	bytes, bytearray, memoryview

To add type (type hint) when declaring a variable using this format:

x: int = 10
pi_number: float = 3.14
name: str = "F-Code"

Note

Does this force your variable to always be that type?

Short answer: No. Type hints are just hints - Python won’t enforce them at runtime. Then why make a fuss?

Using clear and descriptive variable names can often eliminate the need for extra documentation, combining good naming with type hints makes your code even more robust and self-explanatory.